Oral Wart (Squamous Papilloma)

Oral squamous papilloma is a benign tumor and its pathogenesis has been associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. 

Oral Wart (Squamous Papilloma)

The HPV infection is one of the risk factors associated with the development of cervical, anogenital, pharynx, larynx and oral cavity carcinomas. Transmission of the virus can occur by direct contact with lesions, sexual intercourse or from mother to child during delivery. The classic clinical presentation of oral squamous papilloma can be described as an exophytic growth, with a rough surface that appears a cauliflower-like and, depending on the degree of keratinization, the lesion may be white, pink and/or red. The lesion can affect any oral region, being more common on the tongue, lip, uvula and soft palate. The diagnosis is clinical and histopathological.

📖 Human Papillomavirus: Proving and Using a Viral Cause for Cancer 

The treatment of choice for oral squamous papilloma is the surgical removal. Otherwise, widefield optical fluorescence imaging devices have been developed for use as a complementary examination to the traditional clinical examination for screening of oral lesions.

Histological image of oral squamous papilloma with presence of acanthosis, papillomatosis, hypergranulosis, hyperkeratosis and squamous cells with a clear perinuclear halo and rare binucleations. Staining method: hematoxylin-eosin. Magnification: 10x 

In fact, the use of widefield optical fluorescence has been reported and even approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with two clinical applications related with the possibility of increased visualization of oral abnormalities, which could be imperceptible to conventional clinical examination and delimitation of adequate surgical margins. However, it is noteworthy that, research on fluorescence examination has converged, over the years, only the screening and diagnosis of oral cancer and potentially malignant oral disorders. 

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